Some upper bounds for the signless Laplacian spectral radius of digraphs

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#039;an, Shaanxi 710072, P.R.China

2 Northwestern Polytechnical University

Abstract

Let $G=(V(G),E(G))$ be a digraph without loops and‎ ‎multiarcs‎, ‎where $V(G)=\{v_1,v_2,$ $\ldots,v_n\}$ and $E(G)$ are the‎ ‎vertex set and the arc set of $G$‎, ‎respectively‎. ‎Let $d_i^{+}$ be the‎ ‎outdegree of the vertex $v_i$‎. ‎Let $A(G)$ be the adjacency matrix of‎ ‎$G$ and $D(G)=\textrm{diag}(d_1^{+},d_2^{+},\ldots,d_n^{+})$ be the‎ ‎diagonal matrix with outdegrees of the vertices of $G$‎. ‎Then we call‎ ‎$Q(G)=D(G)+A(G)$ the signless Laplacian matrix of $G$‎. ‎The spectral‎ ‎radius of $Q(G)$ is called the signless Laplacian spectral radius of‎ ‎$G$‎, ‎denoted by $q(G)$‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎some upper bounds for $q(G)$‎ ‎are obtained‎. ‎Furthermore‎, ‎some upper bounds on‎ ‎$q(G)$ involving outdegrees and the average 2-outdegrees of the‎ ‎vertices of $G$ are also derived‎.

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